Izinto zokuzilima ziziphi okufanele ukubheka xa uvula imedali?

Ngenxa kokuba ukuthenga amamedali kubazwe bokuphakamisa izibonelo, izigame zokuphakamisa, izibonelo zokuphakamisa kwezinsizwa, noma izibonelo zokuphakamisa kwezifundo, ukwahluka kwemithi kuyisibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa, isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa, isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa, nokuphakamisa kwezibonelo zokuphakamisa. Amathuba aqondile ayisibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa isibonelo sokuphakamisa is......

Ukuhlanganisa izimboni kufuna ukubheka izinkambo eziningi zomthwalo, ngokuzenzela izici ezihlukahlukene ezinokuthintela ubunzima, ubukhulu bekuphakanyiswa, ukuvikela phansi kokugqibela, nokufaneleka kwemali. Ibronzi, izinkambo zezinc, ibhasi, i-iron, isithili esisemthwakathini, nezinkambo eziphakeme zonke zinokusebenza kuzinye izinkinga futhi zinokufaka kuzinye izinkinga zemithwalo yezindaba. Ngaphezu kwezinkambo zomthwalo wokwakha, izinto ezithi ukuphatha kwezinkambo, izifundo zemayil, nezindlela zokwenziwa zinokuthinta kakhulu ubukhulu bekuphakanyiswa kokugqibela. Le gujide eyinhle yokuqondisa izici ezibalulekile zomthwalo okufanele ukubhekwa uma uyabuyela izimboni, ekusiza ukukhetha izimboni ezinokubeka umphakathi wokubona ngokushesha futhi ukubeka ubukhulu obuhle kubantu ababuyelela kubo ngeminyaka noma ngeminyaka engu-10.

Ukuqonda Izinkambo Zomthwalo Wokwakha Kusukela Kwemithwalo Yezimboni

Izinkambo Zezinc njengezinkambo zomthwalo wokwakha ozinokusebenzisa ngokujulile

Isilayi sezink-zink sibonakala njengesikhetho esihluke kakhulu lapha kufundwa izimboni zokusebenzisa kwezindlela zokuproducwa kwezinkulungwane, sibonakalisa isibalo esihluke kakhulu phakathi kwezinkinga zokuthenga ne-ubukhulu. Lokhu kulayi kubhekise kuzink njengokwesibini kanye nezilinganiso ezincinci zeluminum, imagnesiye nekhopa, kwenza isilayi esifuna ngokushesha kusukela kwezindlela zokudlula. Ukufuna kwesilayi sezink esithile kusiza abaproducera ukubona izinto eziyisisekelo, amagama amancane, nezindlela zokudlala ezinamathuba emibili ezingaphansi okunokuthi kubhekiswe noma kubhekiswe ngokulinganisa kwezinye izilayi. Amazwe okuthenga izimboni zokuphatha amarathon, iziprogram ezinamandla yezindawo zokubonga, noma izivikelo zesikole ziyasebenzisa isilayi sezink ngoba isenza ukubona izilogo ezinamathuba, amagama wezisipho, nezinto zokuhlela ngaphandle kokuvaleka kwezinkinga zokuproducwa.

Izinkulungwane zezinci ziyakhiqiza isimo sokubheka kakhulu esikhipha ukuthi izinto zihlukile nokuthi zinobunzima obuhle. Ngaphandle kokuzisa izinto ezincane ezingasemthwakathini noma ezingasemva, izincwadi zezinci zinobunzima obukhulu ukuze bakhombise ubunzima nobukhulu. Uma kufundwa izincwadi zezinci, abafundi kufanele bazi ukuthi umkhakha wokuphatha kusho ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe amasiko okugcina amabili njengegold, silver, bronze, noma antique plating ukuze kufikelele kuqondiselo lokubheka. Umkhakha uyathola amasiko okugcina amaningi ngokuphelele, njengokuthi kuyathola amasiko okugcina amabili njenge-soft enamel, hard enamel, futhi epoxy coatings okuyakubeka isikhundla sokugcina futhi ukuthi kuyakhombisa ukubheka kahle. Ukuthintana kwesiliva kwezinci kuyahlukahluka ngokujulile kwalokugcina, kodwa kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele k......

I-Brass ne-Bronze ngamadoda okuhle kokuzenzakalelayo

I-bronze ne-brass zibalulekile njengamadoda okuzenzakalelayo kumazwi amaningi, ziyabona iziqu zokuzenzakalelayo zezinsizwa, iziqu zokuphumeza kwe-Olympics, neziqu eziningi ezibulawulekileyo okuzokubangela ukuthenga kwabantu kusasa. I-bronze, yindlela yokuqondisa i-copper ne-tin, iyadlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside futhi iyadlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi eside sokudlula ngokwesikhathi isikhathi es......

I-Brass, eyisisekelwa kakhulu ngamathuba nezinkolo, iyaphakama kakhulu kwezinkolo zokugcina izinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zokugcina kwezinkolo zok......

Izinkabi nezincabi zokuphatha izinkabi zokuphatha ukuthi zibe nesibonelo sokubaluleka

Izinkabi ziyasebenza njengomkhakha wokubala okunzima uma kubuyiselwa amaphathi amaningi kakhulu lapho imali yekhanda iyisibonelo esikhulu. Amaphathi ayo athathwa ngokukhula kwezinkabi ziyakwakha kahle kumlinganiselo, futhi ziyakwakha kahle kumazwe okuphatha amaningi njengezinye zezindaba zokufundisa, izindaba zokufunda emasikeni, noma izindaba zokuhlela lapho inombolo yezinto ezihlanganiswayo iphinda kabusha kunezinkulungwane ezintathu. Umphakathi wokusebenzisa izinkabi kuyizinkinga zokugqaza, okudinga ukuthi kwenziwe ukuthatha isibonelo sokuvikela ukuze kuvikeleke ukugqaza. Abaphatha amaphathi ayo kufanele bavikele ukuthi abasendisi bavikela ngokuphelele, ikakhulu kumaqembu othile abayagcina emanzini amaningi noma kumaqembu apho umoya ongumshini wokugqaza uyakwakha ukugqaza kahle.

Izilwane zezincili zezinkolo ziyabonisa isikhundla esiphakeme kwezinhlobo zezincili zezinkolo uma kubuywa izimeli ezidinga ukuthi zibe nesibindi esikhulu kwezimo zokuphatha kwelanga noma zidinga ukuzinikela ngokucacile kunezinsuku eziphakade. Ukuthi kune-chromium kwezilwane zezincili zezinkolo kwenza i-oxide layer eyodwa ngokuzenzakaleyo eyavikela phansi kokukhula, okunquma ukuzinikela okudingekayo kwe-bronze, brass, noma amakhilasi. Izihlangu zemithili, izihlangu zemithili yamaphansi, nezihlangu zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuph......

Ukuqondisa Imifanekiso Yomugqa Wokugcina Nomkhawulo Wokugcina

Imibuzo Yomkhawulo Wokugcina NgokweGolide, NgokweSilva NeBhronze

Umkhawulo wokugcina owenziwa kumetals emzansi kubhekise kakhulu kumfanekiso wokubonakaliswa nokuphelelela xa kubuywa amamedali ngamandla. Umkhawulo wokugcina ngokweGolide uyisikhombiso sokuthi kusetyenziswa isikhombiso esinye sesigolide esihlukile kumaterial emzansi, noma ukubhekise kwezimicron zokuguqula ubunzima bomfanekiso nobuphelelela. Umkhawulo wokugcina wokusebenzisa iziqu zokubonakaliswa ziyasekwe kumicron engu-0.3 ku-1.0, ngakho-ke umkhawulo wokugcina okuhle kumamedali ayisemikroni engu-3 ku-5, okufanele kubhekise kakhulu kubuphelelela kubukhona kwezindawo ezinokubukhona kwezindawo eziphambili noma kwezindawo eziphambili zokubonakaliswa. Amaphondo abuyela amamedali ngamandla akhona kufanele abhekise kumkhawulo wokugcina okuphakeme ukuze bafanele kubonakala kahle ngamalanga amaningi, ngoba umkhawulo wokugcina omdala angabuka phansi kwezindawo eziphambili njengamaphakathi amamedali noma kwezindawo eziphambili zokubonakaliswa.

Ukufaka amasili we-silver ne-bronze ayafollowa imisebenzi yokuqondisa ngokwelektro kuyisibonelo, kodwa kubangela izidingo zokuhlela okuhluke. Ukufaka umsila we-silver uyakwenzeka ukuthi kubhaleka uma kubhekwa emhlabathini kwe-sulfur okutholakala kumthwalo wemvula, futhi kudinga ukuchitha kabusha ukuze kubheke kahle. Abaprofayili abaningi bafaka amakhemikhali okuvikela ukubhaleka ngokuphatha kwabo, okunika isikhathi eside sokuhlela ngaphandle kokukhetha, lokhu kuyisidingo esibalulekile uma ukuthenga amamedali okuthengiswa kwezinto ezizokubekwa emhlabathini ngokudlula. Ukufaka umsila we-bronze ubonisa ubuso lwesikhathi esidala okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokwesikhathi esidala, okubonisa ukuthi k......

Amakhanda Okuzwa Ngokwesikhathi Esidala Nezindlela Zokuhlela Zokukhetha

Izifundo zezinkundla zokugcina zihlanganisa ukuthi kwenziwe ngokuzimela ukuthi kubhekiswe isibonelo sokugcina ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zokugcina okungabikho kulezi zinkundla ezintsha, kusinika izinkundla zokubona eziningi kunezinkundla zokugcina ezingaphansi kokukhanya uma kubuywa izinkundla zemidlalo ekubhekisweni kwezinkundla zokugcina noma izinkundla zokugcina zokuphatha. Umsebenzi wokugcina kusho kwi-bronze, i-copper, i-silver, noma i-gold plating, kusetyenziswa izindlela zokusebenzisa izinkundla zokugcina ukuze kubhekiswe izindawo ezingaphansi ngokubheka izindawo ezingaphakade zokugcina. Lokhu kubhekisa ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuthi kubhekiswe ukuth......

Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlela amaphuzu kubhekise emuva kwezindlela zokuphakamisa okwesibonelo ukuze kufaka isikhundla sezindlela zokuhlela ezimbili, izindlela zokuhlela ngokukhanya, ukuphakamisa ngokukhanya okuphephile, nokuhlela ngokungakhanyi okwenza iziphumo zesibonelo esihlukene. Izimeli zezindlela zokuhlela ezimbili ziyasebenzisa izikolore ezimbili zokuphakamisa, njengegold ne-silver, ukuze kubhekiswe izinto eziphakathi kwemfundo noma kwenziwe ukuchaza okuphephile phakathi kwezinye iziqephu zemfundo. Izindlela zokuhlela ngokukhanya ziyasebenzisa ukuthi isikhundla sokuhlela sifana ngezindawo ezithile ukuze kususwe ukukhanya okuphephile futhi kwenziwe izibonelo esizimele nesingasemthwakathini esihlanganisa izinkampani zokuboniswa. Uma kubuywa izimeli nezindlela zokuhlela eziphephile, ababuyi bayaqinisa izithombe zokubuywa ngokwesibonelo kungafanele baphendule kuphela kwezithombe zokubhala ngokwesibonelo, ngoba ukubhala ngokwesibonelo akakwazi ukubhala izibonelo esizimele esizinga kakhulu okwenza lezindlela zokuhlela zibe yisibonelo. Ukuthi kubhekiswe kwezindlela zokuhlela eziphephile kubhekise kuzo zonke izindlela zokuproducwa kubhekise kuzo ukuthi kude kakhulu kanye nokuthi kubhaleka kakhulu, lokho kufanele kubhekiswe ekuplaneni kwezinkinga zokubuywa kanye nokubhaleka kwezimali.

Ukusebenzisa i-Enamel nezikolore zesi-Epoxy

Izindlela zokukhanya kwe-enamel zihlaziyela izimboni ezibhalwe ngomthwalo ozilinganayo kuze zibe nezimbali eziningi, okuyinto ephakamisa ukubonisa amazwi amabili wezinhlangano nezinhlangano zokuphatha uma kubuywa izimboni zezinhlangano noma zezinsizwa. I-soft enamel, okuthiwa futhi ngokwesikhathi esidala, iyisivumelwano sokufaka amaphepha emakhulu emabhayile ekhaya lezimboni ngamaphepha amakhulu amahlanu ayo aphakamisa phansi kwemiphakathi yezimboni zokuphatha, okwenza isikrini esisodwa esingasiza umthwalo wokubona. Lokhu kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakhulu amahlanu ngokunzima kwezinhlangano, futhi kusiza kubeka amakh......

I-enamel esikhakhile, okwenzelwa ngokuvamile njengoko kubizwa ngokuthi cloisonné, kuyasebenzisa amaqhina amaningi okufaka emhlabathini okukhuluma i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i-enamel kumkhakha wokugcina wokuphakamisa i......

Ukucinga Imiphumela Yemithombo Yomfanekiso Kuzinyathelo Zokugcina

Izinkinga Zokugcina Kwizigaba Zokuphatha Nokuphatha

Izifundo zokuphatha kuzinyathelo zokuphatha kuzikhipha izinkinga ezihlukene zomfanekiso lapho kubuyiselwa izimboni, ngoba lezi zimboni ziyasebenza kakhulu kusuka emsawulweni wokushisa, emvula, imithombo yezinsuku zangaphandle, nokuphatha ngokuphelele kusuka kwisikhathi sokubuyisela kanye nesikhathi sokubeka kanye nokugcina. Izimboni zokuphatha kwe-marathon, izimboni zokuphatha kwe-triathlon, nezinyathelo zokuphatha zokuphatha kuzikhipha izinkampani zokuphatha ziyabuyisela izinkampani eziningi, okuyisibonelo sokuthi isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sibuyela kakhulu ekubeni kufanele kubalwe ngokujabulisayo ngokwesilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala futhi kubalwe ngokwesilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala. Isilimi se-zinc alloy nesilimi sokubuyisela sokubuyisela sibuyisela isilimi esisodwa kakhulu kuzinyathelo zokuphatha kuzikhipha ngoba sibuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala futhi isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuqala sokubuyisela isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuq......

Izimboni zezinsizwa zokuphambana kanye nezimboni zokuphambana kwezindawo ezingaphandle kwezindawo zokuphambana kuzodinga ukuthuthukiswa kwemifanekiso yezinto ekufuneka zithathelwe uma kubuyiselwa izimboni ezizokubuyiselwa ababulali bazo ngokuphambana kwezinsizwa noma kumaziko amaningi okuphambana kwezindawo. Izimboni zezinkolo zezinc zokwesibhakabhaka noma izimboni zezinc zokwesibhakabhaka zokwesibhakabhaka ziyasebenza kahle kusukela emvula, kumaqanda amanzi, noma kumaziko okubuyisela umkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkhosi lomkh......

Amathuluzi Okubonakaliswa Kwemfundo Nezinkundla

Izinkampani zokubonakaliswa kwezifundo ziyabeka isibonelo esikhulu kwenhloko yezinto ezibalulekile kanye nezinkampani zokubonakaliswa phakathi kweminyaka yokuqala, ngokuthenga amamedali yokubonakaliswa kwezifundo, nokubonakaliswa kokufikwa kwezisifundo, noma izinkampani zokubonakaliswa kwezindawo zokusebenza. Ukukhetha umkhakha wokwenzela umedali uyabonakalisa ukuthi umkhakha wokubonakaliswa kuyisiphi isikhundla esibalulekile kakhulu, ngokuthi umkhakha omubi noma okuphelele kuyabonakalisa ukuthi umkhakha wokubonakaliswa akuyiyo isikhundla esibalulekile kakhulu, futhi umkhakha omubi noma okuphelele kuyabonakalisa ukuthi umkhakha wokubonakaliswa akuyiyo isikhundla esibalulekile kakhulu. Amamedali ebrass noma ebronze ngezinhlobo zokubonakaliswa eziningi ziyasebenza kakhulu kumakhambu okubonakaliswa apho amamedali ayabonakaliswa ngokungafanele kanye nokuthi izinkampani ziyafuna ukubonakalisa ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kuyisiphi isikhundla esibalulekile kakhulu. Umthwalo wokubonakaliswa kuyabonakalisa ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kuyisiphi isikhundla esibalulekile kakhulu, futhi ukubonakaliswa kwezinhlobo zokubonakaliswa noma ukubonakaliswa kwezinhlobo zokubonakaliswa kuyabonakalisa ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kuyisiphi isikhundla esibalulekile kakhulu.

Amaphutha esikole abuyela izimboni zokubonisa ngomhla wokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina kwezinsuku zokugcina......

Amasevisi wezibalo nezokuphakamisa

Amasosholi okufunda abuyela izimboni zokugcina ukufunda, ukubonisa ukuthembekile kwezinsizwa, noma izimboni zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda ziyabafuna izinto ezihle zokusebenza nezindlela zokugcina ezingavamile okufanele kuzifundiswa nokuthembeka kwezinsizwa. Izimboni zasebronzi nezindlela zokugcina ezihlukene kuzoba yizimboni zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokwamanje zokuhlanganisa izimboni zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokwamanje nezinsizwa zokufunda zokudala, futhi ziyakhiwa ngokuphelele kumakhulu, amakoliji, namasosholi okufunda okuphambili okubhekana nokuthembeka kwabo kwezinsizwa zokudala. Ukuchaza izinto ezihle zokusebenza kufanele kubonise ukuthi ukufunda okuphendulwa kuyisithembiso sokugcina, futhi izimboni zokugcina ukufunda nezimboni zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda ezinkulu kufanele zibe yizinto ezihle zokusebenza kunezimboni zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izimpendulo zokufunda zokuphendula izim......

Izindlela zokusebenzisa izimelo ezihlanganisa ukuthwasa kwezindaba zeminyaka, ukuthwasa kwezindaba zemithambo, nokusebenzisa izimelo ngokubhekana nesikhathi esihlukileyo ziyabonakalisa izinkinga eziphathelene nezinto ezizokuthengwa uma kuthengwa izimelo ezizokugcinwa ngokuphelele futhi kungase kuzokuthengwa kusuka kubantu ababili. Izimelo zezimbiti zezinkolelo noma zezigolide zezibhreysi ziyavamile kulezi zindlela ngoba ubukhulu bezinto zazo bafanana nobukhulu bezinhloso zeminyaka noma ubukhulu bezinhloso zempilo ezizokubhekana nalo. Ukuthinteka kwezimelo kungaba yisidingo esiphambili uma kuzokugcinwa ngeminyaka eminingi kumaphoyinti amaningi okuhlinzekwa, kodwa ukuthinteka kwezinto futhi ukuthinteka kwezifundo zokuvikela kuyizinkinga ezingenakho ukuzivikela. Abaprofili abathenga izimelo ngokusebenzisa kwezindaba zeminyaka kufanele bahlale bakhumbula ukuthenga izimelo ezinokuthwala izibhalo, ngoba ukuthwala izibhalo zemagama, izinyanga, noma izindlela zokuthola izimpilo ziyabonakalisa ukuthinta kwabo kanye nokuthinta kwabo kuzokugcinwa ngokuphelele, kodwa ukuthenga izimelo ezinamandla angu-kuhlinzekwa kungaba yisidingo esiphambili sokuthenga izimelo ezinobukhulu.

Ukuchaza Imiphumela Yezindlela Zokuthenga Nemiphumela Yokubhala Isibonelo

Isimo Somthwalo Womthwalo Nokulinganisa Inani Lelizinto

Ukukhetha umthwalo wokubase kusukela ukuthenga izimediya kuyisimo esinye kuphela somthwalo wokugcina, ngakho-ke ubunikwe ukuthi ukuthenga kuyisimo sokuphinda kabusha okuphinda isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuthenga ngalunye. Izimediya zomthwalo wezinciqe ziyathengiswa ngaphansi kwezimediya zomthwalo wobhurasi noma wobhronzi kusukela eminini, kodwa lokhu kuhlela kuncane kusukela emikhulu ngokuvamile kwezindlela zokuproducwa. Amazwe okuthenga izimediya kusukela emithathu amashumi amabili kufanele abeke imibhalo yezindlela zokuthenga ezingaqondi ukuthi kuzoba khona ukuthinteka kwesilinganiso sokuthenga kusukela emikhulu kusukela emikhulu, ngoba izindlela zokuproducwa ziyathinta kahle kusukela emikhulu kusukela emikhulu. Umthwalo wokukhetha uyakhuluma nokulinganisa inani ngendlela engavamile, ngakho-ke amathwalo amaningi namathwalo okuproducwa ayathola ukuthinta kahle kusukela emikhulu kusukela emikhulu kusukela emikhulu.

Ukubheka kwezindlela zokudesigna kubhekise kakhulu emali yokuthenga izimboni ezinamaphuzu amaningi noma iziqephu zokuthenga zezinto ezisemthwakathini, uma kuthengwa izimboni ezinamaphuzu amaningi noma iziqephu eziningi. Izifundo zokudesigna eziyisikhombisa isithunzi esinezindawo ziyadinga izinkampani ezinkulu nezintimele zokuproducwa ezide kunezimboni ezizibonakalayo ngokwesibhakabhaka, futhi ziyabhekisa emali ngokuphelele noma kusebenzisa iziqephu zokuthenga zezinto ezifanayo. Ngokufanayo, izimboni ezinamaparts angasebenza, iziqephu ezihlukene, noma izinqumo zokuhlanganisa ziyabhekisa emali yokuproducwa nokulungisa ubukhulu kude kwezimali zokuthenga zezinto. Abathengi abanomlando wemali bangayikwenza ukuthenga kwezinto ngokulinganisa izindlela zokudesigna, ukunciphisa inombolo yezindawo zokubhala okuhlelwa ngokwesibhakabhaka, noma ukukhetha izifundo ezizenzakale kunezifundo ezinokuthengwa ngokwesibhakabhaka. Lezi zindlela zokudesigna ziyabhekisa emali kakhulu kunezindlela zokuthenga izinto ezincane kusukela ekuthengeni iziqephu zezinto ezincane kodwa ziyabhekisa ubukhulu obuyikho kubantu abathola lezi zimboni.

Ukubhekisa kwezinto ezilungile kusukela emva kokuthenga kanye nokuthenga kwesibhakabhaka

Amaphutha okuzokufunda izimboni zokugcina izinsuku zokuphathwa ngamnye ngomnye unyaka kufanele abheke amathuba okusebenzisa izinto ezihlukene ngokubhekana nezinkinga zokubuyisela kwezinsuku zokuphathwa ngomnye ngomnye unyaka, kodwa akufanele bafokusiswe kuphela kumthwalo wokuqala omncane. Izinto eziphakeme kakhulu nezinkambo eziphakeme kakhulu nezinkambo zokuhlinza ziyabuza ukubona kwazo ngeminyaka eminingi, futhi ziyadala izinkokhelo eziphakeme kakhulu ngezinsuku zokuphathwa. Abathandwa abayabuka izimboni ezingavumelekileyo zezinsuku zokuphathwa zangaphambili ziyabahamba njengamaphutha okuphatha isibonelo esikhulu, ngakho-ke izimboni ezingavumelekileyo zokuphathwa okuzoba yizinkambo ezingavumelekileyo, zokuvula, nokuhlaba izinkambo zokuhlinza ziyadala izinkokhelo ezingavumelekileyo ezinokuthintela ukuthi abathandwa bahlale bakwazi ukuthi baphathe izinsuku zokuphathwa ezizayo. Umthwalo wokudla okuhlanganisa phakathi kwezinto zokuphathwa nezinto zokuphathwa zokuphathwa kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ezinye kusukela kwezinyawo ez......

Abaphathisi besigaba sobuchwepheshe obuyisana nezinkampani zokuthenga izimboni kufanele baze bakhumbule izindlela eziphakanyiswa ngazo ezinkampani zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuthenga izimboni zokuth......

Izindlela Zokuthenga Ezinkampani Zokuthenga Izimboni Zokuthenga Izimboni

Izindlela zokuthumela nokufunda izindlela zokuthumela ziyahlanjwa kakhulu ngokulingana nokuphelele kwezinto eziyisisekelo nezimithi xa kubuyiselwa amaphawu emininingwane, ikakhulu xa kuthumelwa noma kusetyenziswa kwezindawo ezihlukileyo zaseNingizimu Afrika. Amaphawu aseBronze nebrass ayibhala kakhulu kunamaphawu ase-zinc alloy esilinganayo, okungakwazi ukudwabela izindlela zokuthumela kwezinkambo ezingaphezulu. Izimpahla eziphatha izinkambo kwezindawo ezingaphezulu kufanele zilale zibhalise izindlela zokuthumela zonke kungaphandle kokulandela kuphela izindlela zokwenza izinkambo, ngoba umkhondo wokubhala kungabangela ukuthi izinkambo ezingaphezulu kungabi nempilo yezindlela zokuthumela kungenzeka zibe yizindlela ezinconywa kakhulu ngokujwayelekileyo. Ukuvavanya kwezinto zokuhlanganisa nezindlela zokufuna izinto zokuhlanganisa ziyahlukana ngokulingana nokuphelele kwezinto eziyisisekelo, ngoba izinto eziphelele kungabangela ukuthi kuzofuna izindlela eziningi zokufuna okungabangela ukuthi kuzofuna izindlela eziningi zokufuna okungabangela ukuthi kuzofuna izindlela eziningi zokufuna okungabangela ukuthi kuzofuna izindlela eziningi zokufuna.

Ukuhambisana nokuhlela izinto zokugcina kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ng......

Ukuvikela Ubukhulu Bemithombo Nokuthi Kusobala Kwesikhungo Sokuthengisa

Ukudokumenta Ukuchaza Amathuluzi Nokuthi Kusobala Kwamathuluzi

Imisebenzi yokuthenga ngokuphelele uma kuthengwa amamedali iyadinga ukuthi kubhalwe imibhalo yezinto ezithengiweyo ngokucophelela kumthwalo wokuthenga, kungafanele sisebenzise izichazi zokuhle kangangokujwayelekile noma izicelo zokuthenga. Imibhalo kufanele ibe yezinto zokwakhiwa kwesikhundla, uhlobo lwezinkampani zokugcina nokhonde lokugcina okuncane olwetshwa ngemikroni, izindlela zokugcina, iziphakade zokuguqula, nezilinganiso zokubaluleka kwezinkinga eziphathelene nokubaluleka kwezinkinga. Amaphoyisa athengayo amamedali angaphezu kwezilinganiso zokuthenga kufanele zibonise izindlela zokusebenza zasezwe njenge-ASTM noma ISO kumthwalo wokuthenga, ukwenza izilinganiso ezinamandla okuthi abasenduli baze bakhululeke kuzoba nemiphumela yezinkinga.

Izidokumenti zokuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi izimboni ezisolwayo ziyafanana nezindlela eziyazwakalisiwe, uma kubuywa izimboni emasithili, okungukuthi kubalulekile kakhulu uma kubuywa izimboni zemithali ephakeme noma izindlela ezingenabizo lezinto eziphakeme. Abasendleleni abanezinhloso zabantu baphepha izidokumenti zokuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala kusiza ukuthi isibonelo sesifunda sokubhala k......

Ukuchaza Kwesampuli kanye Nezimvume Zokuphela Kukugcina

Ukuchaza kwesampuli yomthwalo kuyisindlela esihlukileyo sokubala ububi bokuhle uma kubuywa amaphutha, kubonisa izinkulungwane zomthwalo kanye nokuhle kokugcina okungakwazi ukubonisa ngamaphoto. Amathuba ayofuna isampuli yokuphela kokuqala eyakhiwe ngemithwalo, imiphakathi kanye nezindlela zokugcina ezifanayo nezifakwe kumthwalo wokugcina konke, akayi isampuli esingaseminyakeni eyadlula engayibonisi indlela yokufaka umthwalo ozokwenza. Ukuchaza kwesampuli kufanele kubhekisele kubunzima bomthwalo kanye nobunzima bakhe, ubunzima bomphakathi kanye nokuhlakazeka kwayo, ubunzima bomphakathi wokugcina, ukugcina kwemphakathi, kanye nokuhle kokufaka umthwalo. Ukusebenzisa isampuli yomthwalo kubonisa izinkulungwane zokuzama okuzikhipha ubunzima obukhona kubunzima, kusiza ababuyi ukubona izinkinga zokuhle kabefore ukuthi bafake umbiko wokugcina konke.

Imiphakathi yokuphathwa kabefore ukugcina kusivumela ukuthi abathengi bavumele ukuthi bavuleke izimboni ezisemthethweni zokubuyisa izimboni eziyisifunda ngokwesibonelo esingasivumela ukuzilungisa ngokwesibonelo uma kubuyiselwa izimboni ngemikhombi. Imiphakathi yokuvumela ngokwesibonelo iyisivumela ukuthi abahleli bafake izithombe zokubuyisa ezisibonelo esihlukile kwezithombe zokuphatha ngokwesibonelo, emva kwalokho bavumele ngokushesha ngokubhala phambi kokuba baphathe isikhundla sokufaka izimboni ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi konke okuhlanganisa ukubhekana nokubhekana kwesibonelo, ukuguqula imithwalo, noma ukuguqula izindlela zokufaka izimboni kufundwa futhi kuzivumele kabusha phambi kokuthi kubhalwe amakhono ekufakweni kwezimboni ngokuphelele. Amaphoyisa abuyisa izimboni kufanele bakwamukele ukuthi abasendleleni bakhuluma ukuthi bavumele ngokushesha noma bakhiphe izikhundla zokubuyisa izithombe, ngoba isikhathi sokubhekana ngokuphelele kabusha kusivumela ukuthi kungabikho iziproblemi eziphansi kakhulu, izidingo zokuzinikela, nokuphulukana ngokukhula kwezimboni ngokuphelele phambi kokuthi kubuyiselwa izimboni ngokuphelele.

Ukubhekana Kwemiphakathi Ngokuphela

Izindlela zokuhlola ubukhulu lwemithombo yezinkampani zinikeza ukuphawula okugcwele ukuthi imithombo etholakile iyisisekelo sesifunda esikhuluma ngayo uma kubuyiselwa imithombo, kungakhulu kakhulu uma kubuyiselwa izikhipha ezinkulu apho ukusondeza kwesayensi kungasiza ekuboneni amaphroblemi okubukhulu okwenzeka ngokujwayelekile phambi kokuthunyelwa kwemithombo kubantu abathunyelwa. Izindlela zokuhlola kufanele zibonise ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha nokubhala kuyafanana nezihlobo eziqinisekisiwe, amabala wezinkampani ziyafanana nesifunda, akukho amaphroblemi okwenza kuyaphikisa izimali zokuvumela, konke lokhu kufanele kubonakaliswe ubukhulu obufanana ngalokho kwezinkampani zonke zezigaba lezokwenza. Amazwe angenakho ubukhulu bezinkampani zokuhlola kungasho ukuthi abasebenzi abangaphandle bakwazi ukubonisa ubukhulu bokuthunyelwa kwemithombo phambi kokuthunyelwa kwazo, kungakhulu kakhulu uma kubuyiselwa kumaNingizimu Afrika apho ukuthunyelwa kwemithombo emuva kokuvumela kungahlukeni.

Ukuhlola okuphakade kwemisebenzi yezinto eziphathelene nokusebenza kuyasiza izimpahla ukuthintela izimpendulo zokuthenga emva kwezinye izimpahla zokuthenga izimpahla zokufana noma izimpahla zokubuyiswa, futhi kuyabuyisa ukuqonda kwezimpahla ngokwesibonelo sokuthi iziphi izinkombinethi zezinto eziphathelene nokusebenza kuzoba nevuleli eliphelele. Ukulandela isikhathi esithi isithathu ngomhla, isithathu ngonyaka, noma isikhathi eside kunele, kusukela kubantu abatholile izimpahla, kubonisa ukuthi izinto ezihlukahlukene nezifundo zokugcina ziyasebenza njani emsebenzini wokwesibonelo, lokhu kusiza ukuthenga emva kwezinye izimpahla. Izimpahla kufanele zilandelwe ngokushaya izithombe futhi zilandelwe ngokuthi zilizwe izinto zokuhlukahluka kwezinto, ukugcina kwezincwadi zokugcina, noma ukugcina kwezifundo zokugcina, ukwenza ukuthi kubhekwe izindlela zokuvavanya izimpahla zokuthenga futhi kuthintele izimpendulo zokuthenga. Lokhu kucindezelela ukuthenga kwezimpahla kusukela ekuthengeni ngokwesibonelo kusukela ekuthengeni ngokwesibonelo sokuthi izinto ziyasebenza njani, ngokuphakade kusiza ukuthenga kwezinto ngokwesibonelo sokuthi ziyasebenza njani.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini inkimbinkimbi eyodwa yokuthenga izimpahla ezizokubhalwa noma zizokubhalwa?

Izilwane zezinkosi zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo zinakho ukuthi zibe yinkulu kakhulu ekubeni kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina okupheleleyo noma ukuthi kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina kwezinhlobo zomhlaba, njengoba izilwane zezinkosi zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo zinakho ukuthi zibe yinkulu kakhulu ekubeni kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina okupheleleyo noma ukuthi kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina kwezinhlobo zomhlaba, njengoba izilwane zezinkosi zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo zinakho ukuthi zibe yinkulu kakhulu ekubeni kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina okupheleleyo noma ukuthi kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina kwezinhlobo zomhlaba, njengoba izilwane zezinkosi zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo zinakho ukuthi zibe yinkulu kakhulu ekubeni kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina okupheleleyo noma ukuthi kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina kwezinhlobo zomhlaba, njengoba izilwane zezinkosi zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo zinakho ukuthi zibe yinkulu kakhulu ekubeni kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina okupheleleyo noma ukuthi kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina kwezinhlobo zomhlaba, njengoba izilwane zezinkosi zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo zinakho ukuthi zibe yinkulu kakhulu ekubeni kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina okupheleleyo noma ukuthi kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina kwezinhlobo zomhlaba, njengoba izilwane zezinkosi zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo zinakho ukuthi zibe yinkulu kakhulu ekubeni kuzoba nezinkinga zokugcina okuphe......

Ukubhala kwezilwane zezinkosi zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo kufanele kubhekwe njani xa kubuywa izilwane zezinkosi zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo zokubeka phakathi kweminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulu?

Ubukhulu be-plating buphatha ngqo ubude bendawo okubhekwa kuyo imedali, futhi kuyisisekelo esibalulekileyo kuma-awards okufanele abekwe kusuka kwezindawo zokubeka kahle noma kuzoba kusebenza ngeminyaka. I-plating yezindawo zokubeka kahle ezenziwa ngokwesibonelo (0.3–1.0 microns) inokubonisa ukugcina kumizuzu eminye ekhaya lomkhakha wokugcina, ngakho-ke i-plating yezindawo eziningi (3–5 microns) inobheka kahle ngeminyaka noma ngeminyaka eyingu-10. Uma ungenza ukuthenga imedali kuma-program yokuqinisekisa okuhle kanye nama-award okubhekwa njengokubeka kahle kuma-recipient, qinisekisa ukuthi ubukhulu be-plating bungaphezu kwe-2–3 microns futhi uculume ukuthola izichazi zomthwalo wokubeka kahle. Izinga lokuthengiswa eliphakeme kwe-plating engeyona kuchaza ukuthi kubhekwa kahle kakhulu kodwa kubhekwa kahle kakhulu kanye nokuthanda kwe-recipient.

Kunezinto zomthwalo okufanele ziqondwe uma imedali ziyathunyelwa kuzo zizwe zokunye?

Ukuthumela kwezizwe eziphakeme kwenza izinkinga ezithile zomfanekiso wokuthumela kufana nokuthumela ngokuphinda kabili kwesilinganiso sesihlalo, imiphumela yokuqinisa ukuthumela kwezizwe, nokubhekwa kwezinto zokugcina kusukela emuva kwezikhathi eside sokuthumela. Amaphuli webronzi nebrass ayathumelwa ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphakeme kakhulu kunamaphuli wezinc alloy ngokuba kunezidingo zokuphinda kabili kwesilinganiso. Amaphuli amahle angabangela ukuthumela okuphakeme kwezizwe futhi angadinga ukuthumela okuphakeme kwezizwe. Uma ubuyela amaphuli kuzizwe eziphakeme, sicela ukuthi usebenzise isikhumba sokuvimbela umshado wokuthi amaphuli asuswa ngokuphakeme, okuyisibonelo esibalulekile kumaqasha ekuthumeleni kwezizwe eziphakeme noma kwezizwe zokuhamba kwezizwe. Bala ukuthumela okuphelele okuthumelwa kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe futhi ukuthumela kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe ng......

Ngokwesilinganiso sesihlalo, ngokuthi amaphuli amahle angabonakala njengamaphuli amahle ngokuphinda kabili kwezizwe?

Izindlela zokugcina okuphelele zinokwenza amamedali e-zinc alloy abonwe ngokungafani ngezinye ezilungileyo zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zezinkampani zez......