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Te hītori o ngā tohu pōro golf kua pau kia ngā rautau e toru, i whanake mai i ngā timatanga huruhuru ki ngā taputapu matatau e kitea ana inaianei ki ngā marae golf hou. Ko te mātauranga i te whanaketanga o ēnei taputapu takitahi golf e whakaatu ana i ngā māramatanga hihiri mō te aha rawa pea i rerekē ai te tākaro i te wā. Mai i ngā karuka takotoro ki ngā purongo hangarua tikanga-whakauru, te tohu Pōro Tarau kua noho hei wāhanga muirangi o te taputapu katoa a te kaiwhakawai. Ko te whanaketanga o ēnei taputapu iti engari he nui te take, e āhua ana ki te whanaketanga whānui ake o te hangarau taputapu whakawai, me ngā paerewa tikanga mō te mara whakawai. Kei te pai rawa ngā kaiwhakawai i tēnei wā ki te nuinga o ngā kōwhiringa e whiriwhiri ana rātou mō ō rātou taputapu tohu, kua hoahoa ia kia mahi pono me te ātaahua ki te kākāriki.
Ngā Tīmatatanga Tuatahi me ngā Tikanga Tuku Iho
Ngā Tikanga Tōku o Mua
Ko ngā hōhonutanga tuatahi o te tohu pōro i te karaki e hoki ana ki te rautau 16 ina ua whanaketia e ngā kākāriki ngā tikanga hei tohu tētahi wā i te takotoranga o ō rātou pōro i te wā o te tākaro. I mua i te noo o ngā ture paerewa, i whakamahia e ngā kākāriki ētahi atu mea i kitea ki te ara, pērā i ngā tokotoru iti, ngā makawe rākau, nō reira ngā tī hapa kia tohua ai te wāhi i taka ai tō rātou pōro. He mōrearea pea ngā tikanga matua nei mō te tohu, ā, i te wā e mātai ai ngā kākāriki mō te takotoranga tika o te pōro. Kāore he tikanga ōrite mō te tohu, nā reira i āwhina ai i te tākaro tōna tika, me te tātaitanga tika i ngā poronga pakanga.
I tīmata ngā kaihīkoi porowhita o Šcoti, nā rātou i hangaia ētahi atanga matua o te kēmu, ki te whakauru i ētahi tikanga pūmau ake mō te tohu pōro i te rautau tuahuru tekau mā whitu. I kitea e rātou te nui o te tūnga tika o te pōro kia mau ai te hokiwaitanga o te kēmu, ina heke ana te pōro hei parakuihi, i te wā hoki e here ana ki ngā pānga o ētahi atu kaihīkoi. I tēnei wā i tīmata ai te whakaaro āhuatia ake mō ngā taputapu porowhita me te wehenga e takoto nei mō te tautoko i ngā tikanga tika o te kēmu.
Te Whanaketanga o te Whakamahinga Moni
Ko te hurihanga ki te whakamahi i ngā karaka hei tohu pōro he waahanga nui i te hītori o te porowhita, i āki ai i te wāhua o te rautau tuatoru tekau me te rautau tuatahi tekau mā iwa. I kite ngā kaiwhakawai ko ngā karaka i tuku mōrearea ai i ngā mea takotoria, tae atu ki te rahi, te taumaha, me te kitea i runga i te kākāriki. Ko te āhua maromaro o ngā karaka i pai ake ai kia kore e pakaru i ngā tauwā o te pōro, ā, ko te hanga metara o ngā karaka i tiaki ai i te roa o te wā o ngā takirua whakawai. I taraweti tēnei whanaketanga arataki i roto i ngā hapori porowhita ki Ōteranihi me Ingarangi.
Kua noho hei kōwhiringa mōrearea ngā karaka moni rerekē i waenganui i ngā rōpū pāpori rerekē o ngā kākāriki, me ngā kaitākaro hauhake e whakamahi ana i ngā moni nui ake, uara ake hei whakaatu i te mana. Kua pera pea te whanaketanga ka tīmata ngā kapa golf ki te whakauru i ētahi ture pā ana ki ngā moni ki ō rātou tikanga ā-rohe. Ko ētahi wāhi ka tuku moni tohua mō te whakamahinga i ngā tākaro kapa, kia ōrite te āhuatanga me te whakarere i ngā raru mō te rahi o te tohu, te tika rānei.
Te Whakaritenga me te Whanaketanga Ture
Te Pānga o te Rōpū Rehitatia Golf
I te wā i hangaia ai ngā rōpū whakahaere mātua hōkai karakatuhi i te rautau tuatoru tekau, ka piki ake te whai mōhio ki te whakarite i ngā ture mō ngā taputapu, tae atu ki ngā whāinga mō ngā tohu pōro. I timata te Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, i whakapumautia i te tau 1754, ki te whanaketanga i ngā ture matatau e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha o te whakamahi i ngā taputapu me te tikanga o te mara. Kārāhi tēnei ngā ture tuatahi i te takotoranga mō ngā paerewa o nāianei mō ngā tohu pōro, ā, kārāhi hoki i te whakapuma i ngā tikanga ōrite puta noa i ngā mara hōkai karakatuhi rerekē me ngā rohe.
Kātahi ka māwhera te rērea o te whutupaoro ki ngā wāhi o te ao i ngā tau 1800, kua tū ake te hiahia ki ngā paerewa ā-ao. Kua mahi tahi te United States Golf Association, i whakapuaki i te tau 1894, me ngā kaunihera ā-ao kia hangaia ngā ture e hāngai ana ki te katoa o ngā rohe. I puta mai i tēnei whai whakaaro ngā tohutohu mō te rahi o ngā tohu, ngā tikanga whakaputanga, me ngā matapae e whakaaetia ana, kia taea ai e ngā kaitākaro whutupaoro te urupare ki ngā tākaro ki te ao katoa mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu me ngā tikanga e mōhiotia ana.
Ngā Tohutohu mō te Rahi me te Matapae
I te haere noa o te rautau tuatahi o te rautau, ka whanaketia ngā raihana mō te rahinga o ngā tohu pōro. I tērā wā, i kitea e ngā rōpū hākinakina he mea nui kia kaua ngā tohu hei āwhina rānei, herenga rānei mō te takirua. I te timatanga, i te nuinga o ngā tikanga i whakauruia kia iti noa ai te tohu kia kaua e arerangi ai ki te ara rerenga pōro, engari kia kitea ai e ngā kaitākaro me ngā kaiārahi. Ko te nuinga o ēnei paerewa i here ai te tawhānui o te tohu ki te inei tasi, ahakoa i rerekē ai ngā ine i waenganui i ngā rōpū whakahaere.
Kua whanake ngā here matekōpae tahi ana me ngā paerewa rahi, ka whakaturia e ngā rōpū arataki mō ngā kiko e whakaaetia ana mō te hanga tohu pereki. I tīmata ai te matotoru o ngā taupau hurihuri i runga i te roa atanga me te manawhau ake ki te āhuarangi, ā, i wātea pea ngā mea rahi pērā i te rakau, te piriti rānei nā te mataara kei pakaru, kei whakapōtō rānei i te ara. Kātahi ka whakapono ai ngā tikanga kia mau tonu ai ngā mahi a ngā tohu i ngā tikanga āhuarangi rerekē, ā, i ngā wā roa hoki.
Te Hangarongo Ōrite me te Whanaketanga Hoahoa
Ngā Tikanga Whakaputa Moni
I rerekētia te hāngai whakaputa tohu pōro karakatuwhi i te mutunga o te rautau tuatoru tekau mā rima, ka wātea ai ngā tohu kounga teitei ki ngā kaitākaro karakatuwhi katoa ngā kiko taumata me ngā paparinga ōhanga. I āwhina ngā tikanga tāraiwa me ngā tikanga hanga kia taea e ngā kaihanga te whakaputa i ngā tohu tūpono, tika ki te maha nui ana ka tiaki i ngā paerewa whakahaere kounga. I iti ake te utu nui pea i tēnei anuanu hua, ā, i whānuitia hoki te momo hoahoa e wātea ana ki ngā kaihoko, ka tipu ake te auaha ki te āhua me te aronga o ngā tohu.
I taea e ngā whakapai ake o te hangarongo me ngā tikanga mātai hua kia whakamātau ngā kaihanga i ētahi momo parahi, rauemi mata, me ngā rahinga whakapaipai rereke. I te tuhuratia te taputapu hanga kaupapa rorohiko kia pono ngā inenga me te kounga o ngā hua i ia wā e hangaia ana. I āwhina ēnei whakapai ake kia hangaia ētahi hoahoa tohu anuanu ake, i te nuinga o te utu e taea ai e ngā kaiwhakataetae porowhita me ngā kaiwhakataetae matatau
Ngā Tohutohu Tukuaweawe, Ngā Tohutohu Tuakiri
I te wehe whakamutunga o te rautau 20, i tipu ake te hiahia ki ngā taputapu tūmatanui takirua, i te rapu huarahi e tohu ai te kairīwha i tōna āhua takitahi, me te whakamahara i ngā wā kotahi mā ō rātou kōwhiringa taputapu. Kātahi ka taea te tohu ingoa, tohu, rāpoi, me ngā tauira hāparapara ki ngā tauira tohu noa mā te hangarongo ritenga, ā, ka hua ngā taonga motuhake e tohu ana i ngā whakaaro takitahi, me ngā wheako matua whai hua. I whānuitia te hononga aroha ki waenganui i ngā kairīwha me ō rātou taputapu, ā, i wātea hoki ngā wāhi mākete hou mō ngā kaihanga.
Kua hihiri ake ngā whakamahinga pakihi, whakatairanga hoki i te kitea e ngā kamupene te uara whakatairanga o ngā ngā Taputapu Hākinakina Ritenga . I tīmata ai ngā kamupene ki te tono i ngā tohu pōro mātāmira mō ngā koha kiritaki, ngā taonga pakanga, me ngā kaupapa whakamanamana māngai, ā, i hangaia he tauhokohoko tuarua nui mō ngā hoahoa motuhake. I piri hoki ngā marae golf me ngā kapa whenua ki ngā tohu ritenga hei wāhi hokohoko me ngā whakaritenga mō ngā mema, ā, i āki ai anō hoki i te ao hou o ngā momo hoahoa me ngā tikanga whakaputa.
Ngā Tōranga Ōwhe ana me ngā Huringa Tauira
Whakauru Hihiani
Kua tīmata kē ngā whanaketanga hangarau hou ki te whakauru i ngā āhuatanga mātauranga me ngā matapae matua ki roto i ngā hoahoa tohu pōro takotoranga, ā, i waihangatia ai ngā wāhi hou mō te whanaketanga ake i te arataki me te wheako kaiwhilma. Ko ētahi tohu hōu kei te whai herehere mātāmira kia mau ai mā te kapi golf, ko ētahi atu kei te whai taputapu e taea ai te whakatika i ngā turuma, ā, ko ētahi kei te whai rāwekenga āwhina. E whakaatu ana ēnei hoahoa maha-takiri i te tōranga whānui ake ki te kuinga taputapu me te maruaroa i ngā taputapu golf hōu.
Ko ngā hangarau hou pērā i te GPS tracking me te hononga matihiko e tīmata ana ki te whai hua ki ngā kaupapa hoahoa tohu, ahakoa kei te pakaru tonu te whakamahi mōhio ki ngā rahi me ngā utu. Kei te haere tonu te rangahau mō ngā matapae whanaketia kia kitea ai ngā huarahi hei pai ake i te roa, te herekenga ki te āhuarangi, me te whai wāhi ki te taiao. Ko ēnei whanaketanga e tohu ana kāore pea ngā tohu pōro i te tuarangi noa atu engari ka whai hua anō hoki i ngā āhuatanga pātai ki te tātai i te mahi me ngā whai wāhitanga whakahaere marae.
Te Whakauru me ngā Whakaaetanga Taiao
Kua piki ake te whai mōhio ki ngā take taiao i roto i te ahumahi pūrere, ka hiki ai te whai whakaaro ki ngā tikanga me ngā matapae e whakauru ana i te hanga korepūrengi mō te hanga i ngā tohu pūrere. Kei te āta tirotiro ngā kaihanga i ngā karaihe rerekē, ngā kōwhiringa mōrearea, me ngā tikanga whakamutunga e kore ana e hinga ki te taiao, kia iti ake te panonitanga o te taiao, ā, anō hoki te kounga o te hua me ngā paerewa mahi. Ko ēnei kaupapa he mea hoki i ngā aronga nui ake ki te korepūrengi, ki te whakahaere tika hoki i ngā rauemi i te hanga taputapu pūrere.
Kua waihangia ētahi wāhanga mākeke hōu e hāngai ana ki ngā kaiwhakawai pūrere e matua whai whakaarotia ana e rātou te korepūrengi i ō rātou kōwhiringa taputapu, nā te whanaketanga i ētahi kōwhiringa tohu e whai whakaarotia ana ki te taiao. E tuku ana ētahi kaihanga ināianei i ngā tohu e hangaia ana i ngā matapae kua whakahokia mai, i kāhua rānei mō te whakarewa i te mutunga o te wā, hei whakapā ki ngā kaihoko e whai whakaarotia ana ki te taiao. hUA whakaatu ko te mahi pūmanawa me te kawenga ki te taiao e taea ana te noho tahi ki te hoahoa mātua hōkeke wātea, ā, he whai āhua ki te whanaketanga i ngā paerewa hokohoko me ngā matapono a te kaihoko.
Te Pānga Ahurea me te Tirohanga
Te Whanaketanga o te Māke Tirohanga
Ko te puta mai o te tirohanga ki ngā tohu pōro he kaupapa tino motuhake i hangaia ai he māke tuarangi mō ngā hoahoa rare, tawhito, me ngā whakatairanga. E rapu ana ngā kaitirohanga i ngā tohu mai i ngā mara pōro rongonui, ngā tākaro nui, me ngā putanga itinga, ā, e utu ana i ngā utu tikangia mō ngā taonga e noho ana i te hītori, i te ata pai rānei motuhake. Kua whai pānga tēnei ahurea tirohanga ki ngā whakataunga hoahoa a ngā kaihanga, ā, kua wātea ai ngā wāhi mō ngā whakaputanga motuhake e whai ana ki ngā herekore a ngā kaitirohanga.
Kua pupuri hoki te māke e huihui ana i ngā tauākī matua o te takotoranga o te tohu pōro, kaua ko ngā tuhinga ā-tinana o ngā aronga hoahoa me ngā whanaketanga hangarau i te takiwā katoa o te hītori o te karakia. Kei ngā whare taonga me ngā kohinga tūmatanui ēnei momo tohu e tohu ana i ia wā, ngā matapae, me ngā tikanga hanga. Ko ēnei kohinga he rongoā matua mō ngā kairangahau e ako nei i te hītori o ngā taputapu karakia, ā, ka tuku anō i ngā māramatanga ki ngā aronga ahurea me ngā hangarau whānui ake e pa ana ki te tākaro.
Ngā whakamahinga Pāpori me ngā Karakia
Pēnei i tā rātou mahi whaihua ki te marae golf, kua hou kōhatu pūpahi he matua nui ngā tikanga pāpori me ngā tikanga karakia ki te ahurea golf. Ko ngā tohu ritenga hua mō ngā wā tuakiri pērā i te angitu ki te takotoranga-kotahi, ngā wīwini pakanga, i ngā hui whakatau mahi rānei, e hanga ana i ngā taonga noho tonu mō ngā wheako golf whai hua. Ko ngā hui mātāmua, ngā kaupapa pakihi, me ngā pakanga awhina e whai kōhatu hoahoa motuhake hei koha mō ngā kaitākaro i te wā e huihui ana, i te hoko hoki hei moni awhina.
Ko te tikanga o te utuā i ngā tohu pūpahi i waenganui i ngā kākāriki kua kōrero hei tikanga māmā mō te hanga hononga, hei whakaatu hoki i te whakaute ki te tāngata anō i roto i ngā hapori golf. Kua rongonui te tikanga o te kohikohi i ngā tohu mai i ngā marae i tākarotia i ngā haerenga atamira ki te ao, e hanga ana i ngā kohinga takitahi e tuhia ai ngā whanonga me ngā wheako golf. Kua kōkiri ake i te take whaihua a te tohu pūpahi ngā āhuatanga pāpori kia kaua ia e noho hei tohu o te ahurea golf, o te hoa whanaunga hoki.
FAQ
Nō whea ngā rārangi whakahaere mō ngā tohu pōro i te pōro rīki
I timata te whanaketanga o ngā ture whakahaere mō ngā tohu pōro i te mutunga o te rautau 19 me te rautau 20, i te wā i whakapūmau ai ngā rōpū whakahaere pōro rīki i ngā paerewa matatapu mō ngā taputapu. I nui te wehi o te Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews me te United States Golf Association ki te waihanga i ngā paerewa mō te rahi me ngā matērae e mau tonu ana āianei. I focus kē ngā ture tuatahi ki te aukati i ngā tohu e hāpaitia ana i te takotoranga o te kēmu, ā, kia ū tonu anō ngā paerewa puta noa i ngā marae hī ika me ngā tōnuitanga.
He aha ngā matērae e whakamahia ana mō ngā tohu pōro hou
Ko ngā tohu pōro o nāianei e hangaia ana i ngā rereketanga mīhini rerekē, tae atu ki te parahi, te hikoine, te āpinita, me ngā takotoranga hāngai ki te taraiwa. E tuku ana ēnei matū i te kaha ki te mau, te māmā i ngā āhuarangi, me te āhua o te whiwhi i ngā tika tākarotia, pērā i te whakaputanga, anōtaihana, i te pātata reka. Ko ētahi tohu motuhake e whai mātukutuku kiko, mātukutuku rāwau rānei, pērā i te karameke, i ngā pāriha rerekē rānei mō ngā āhua, māmā rānei e hiahiatia ana.
Me pēhea te whanaketanga o ngā hoahoa tohu pōro i te wā
Kua whanaketia ngā hoahoa tohu pōro mai i ngā karurenga simple me ngā mea kua kitea ki ngā taponga matatau, motuhake hoki e āki ana i ngā pikitia ritenga, ngā maha o ngā tikanga mahi, me ngā matapae matatau. I te timatanga, i teitei te mana o ngā tohu mō te aronga matua, engari ko ngā putanga hou nei he nui ake te āhua ataahua, ngā whiringa whakapūmau, me ngā taponga atu pērā i te awhina i te tango i ngā turuma. Ko tēnei whanaketanga e whakaatu ana i te whanaketanga hangarau, me te pikinga o te taunakitanga ki te whakapūmau takitahi i ngā kōwhiringa taputapu hīkoi poro.
He ture pea e pā ana ki te rahi me te whakamahinga o ngā tohu pōro
Āe, kua whakatakotoria e ngā rōpū whakahaere ture motuhake mō te rahi o ngā tohu pōro me ngā tikanga whakamahinga. Me iti noa ngā tohu kia kore ai e whakaheke i te rerenga o te pōro engari me nui ake kia kitea ai me te mahi pai. Ko ngā ture mana hoki e whakarārangi ana i ngā tikanga tika hei whakaputanga, tae atu ki te tūnga o te tohu ki te taha ki muri o te pōro i mua i te tango, me te whakaputa anō i te pōro ki te wāhi tika i muri i te tohutohu. Kātahi ka pono te tākaro me te tika o ngā whakataunga i ia marautanga o te golf whawhai.